Which type of interchange may have at-grade intersections at ramp terminals?

The type of interchange that may have at-grade intersections at ramp terminals is a service interchange. Service interchanges are designed to facilitate local traffic access to and from major roadways, typically for nearby developments, businesses, or residential areas.

In a service interchange, the ramps connecting the major road to local roads can be designed to intersect at-grade with the local roads, allowing for simpler connections to adjacent properties and minimizing the need for extensive structures or grades. This design can enhance accessibility for non-motorized vehicles and allow for smoother transitions for traffic frequently navigating local streets.

In contrast, directional interchanges focus on providing grade-separated connections between highways with little to no at-grade intersections, while system interchanges deal with the junction of two or more major routes and typically employ complex designs that eliminate at-grade intersections to handle high volumes of traffic effectively. Full cloverleaf interchanges comprise loop ramps that completely grade-separate conflicting movements, thus not permitting any at-grade intersections at their ramp terminals.